Plant Effectiveness of Acorus calamus, Pistia stratiotes, Azolla pinnata as Hyperaccumulator Candidate of Phytoremediation Agent for Copper (Cu) Absorption

Metals are harmful pollutants because they cannot be broken down by living organisms. An excess of metal can become toxic. The in question is copper (Cu). This research aimed to determine the phytoremediation effectiveness Acorus calamus, Pistia stratiotes, and Azolla pinnata as candidates for Cu absorption. investigation employed a wholly random factorial design with two factors: plant absorbent materials comprised three species (Acorus pinnata) absorption concentrations 2 5 ppm. ANOVA test was used analyze data, followed average difference test. According results this study, plants—Acorus pinnata—are capable reducing water. calamus reduce water from ppm 96.85% 96.80%. stratiotes plants level 96.50% 99.94% at ppm, respectively. 98.50% 96.54% highest BCF value concentration roots plants, 6.77 mg/kg, leaves, 8.88 mg/kg. maximum 2.26 mg/kg 2.46 foliage. greatest TF 1.31 while 1.98